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SSC General Math - 3rd Phase (Algebraic Expressions) Suggestions and Answer

By SH SOHEL. . 8 minute read.

এসএসসি সাধারণ গণিত – ৩য় অধ্যায় (বীজগাণিতিক রাশি) সাজেশনের সৃজনশীল প্রশ্নগুলোর ক, খ, গ অংশের পূর্ণ সমাধান নিচে দেওয়া হলো।

প্রশ্ন ১

a2−4a−1=0a^{2} - 4a - 1 = 0 হলে,

ক) a − 1/a এর মান বের কর।

সমাধান: দেওয়া আছে, a2−4a−1=0a^{2} - 4a - 1 = 0

উভয়পক্ষকে a (≠0)a\ (\neq 0) দ্বারা ভাগ করে পাই,

a−4−1a=0a - 4 - \dfrac{1}{a} = 0

∴a−1a=4\therefore a - \dfrac{1}{a} = 4

খ) a⁴ + 1/a⁴ = 322 প্রমাণ কর।

প্রমাণ: a2+1a2=(a−1a)2+2=42+2=18a^{2} + \dfrac{1}{a^{2}} = \left(a - \dfrac{1}{a}\right)^{2} + 2 = 4^{2} + 2 = 18

a4+1a4=(a2+1a2)2−2a^{4} + \dfrac{1}{a^{4}} = \left(a^{2} + \dfrac{1}{a^{2}}\right)^{2} - 2

=182−2=324−2=322= 18^{2} - 2 = 324 - 2 = 322 (প্রমাণিত)

গ) দেখাও যে, a⁵ + 1/a⁵ = 610√5।

সমাধান: (a+1a)2=(a−1a)2+4=16+4=20\left(a + \dfrac{1}{a}\right)^{2} = \left(a - \dfrac{1}{a}\right)^{2} + 4 = 16 + 4 = 20

∴a+1a=25\therefore a + \dfrac{1}{a} = 2\sqrt{5} [a=2+5a = 2 + \sqrt{5} ধনাত্মক ধরে]

a3+1a3=(a+1a)3−3(a+1a)a^{3} + \dfrac{1}{a^{3}} = \left(a + \dfrac{1}{a}\right)^{3} - 3\left(a + \dfrac{1}{a}\right)

=(25)3−3×25= (2\sqrt{5})^{3} - 3 \times 2\sqrt{5}

=405−65=345= 40\sqrt{5} - 6\sqrt{5} = 34\sqrt{5}

এখন, (a2+1a2)(a3+1a3)=a5+1a5+a+1a\left(a^{2} + \dfrac{1}{a^{2}}\right)\left(a^{3} + \dfrac{1}{a^{3}}\right) = a^{5} + \dfrac{1}{a^{5}} + a + \dfrac{1}{a}

⇒18×345=a5+1a5+25\Rightarrow 18 \times 34\sqrt{5} = a^{5} + \dfrac{1}{a^{5}} + 2\sqrt{5}

⇒a5+1a5=6125−25\Rightarrow a^{5} + \dfrac{1}{a^{5}} = 612\sqrt{5} - 2\sqrt{5}

∴a5+1a5=6105\therefore a^{5} + \dfrac{1}{a^{5}} = 610\sqrt{5} (দেখানো হলো)

প্রশ্ন ২

x2+1x2=10x^{2} + \dfrac{1}{x^{2}} = 10 হলে,

ক) x⁴ + 1/x⁴ এর মান নির্ণয় কর।

x4+1x4=(x2+1x2)2−2=102−2=98x^{4} + \dfrac{1}{x^{4}} = \left(x^{2} + \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}\right)^{2} - 2 = 10^{2} - 2 = 98

খ) দেখাও যে, x = √3 + √2।

সমাধান: (x+1x)2=x2+1x2+2=12\left(x + \dfrac{1}{x}\right)^{2} = x^{2} + \dfrac{1}{x^{2}} + 2 = 12

⇒x+1x=23\Rightarrow x + \dfrac{1}{x} = 2\sqrt{3} ………(i) [xx ধনাত্মক]

(x−1x)2=x2+1x2−2=8\left(x - \dfrac{1}{x}\right)^{2} = x^{2} + \dfrac{1}{x^{2}} - 2 = 8

⇒x−1x=22\Rightarrow x - \dfrac{1}{x} = 2\sqrt{2} ………(ii) [x>1x > 1]

(i) ও (ii) নং যোগ করে পাই,

2x=23+222x = 2\sqrt{3} + 2\sqrt{2}

∴x=3+2\therefore x = \sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2} (দেখানো হলো)

গ) প্রমাণ কর যে, x + 1/x = 2√3।

প্রমাণ: (x+1x)2=x2+1x2+2=10+2=12\left(x + \dfrac{1}{x}\right)^{2} = x^{2} + \dfrac{1}{x^{2}} + 2 = 10 + 2 = 12

∴x+1x=23\therefore x + \dfrac{1}{x} = 2\sqrt{3} [xx ধনাত্মক] (প্রমাণিত)

প্রশ্ন ৩

3x−12x=23x - \dfrac{1}{2x} = 2 হলে,

ক) 9x² + 1/(4x²) এর মান নির্ণয় কর।

সমাধান: উভয়পক্ষকে বর্গ করে পাই,

9x2−2×3x×12x+14x2=49x^{2} - 2 \times 3x \times \dfrac{1}{2x} + \dfrac{1}{4x^{2}} = 4

⇒9x2−3+14x2=4\Rightarrow 9x^{2} - 3 + \dfrac{1}{4x^{2}} = 4

∴9x2+14x2=7\therefore 9x^{2} + \dfrac{1}{4x^{2}} = 7

খ) 27x³ + 1/(8x³) এর মান নির্ণয় কর।

সমাধান: ধরি, A=3xA = 3x এবং B=12xB = \dfrac{1}{2x}। তাহলে,

A−B=2,AB=3x×12x=32,A2+B2=7A - B = 2,\quad AB = 3x \times \dfrac{1}{2x} = \dfrac{3}{2},\quad A^{2} + B^{2} = 7 ('ক' থেকে)

(A+B)2=A2+B2+2AB=7+3=10(A + B)^{2} = A^{2} + B^{2} + 2AB = 7 + 3 = 10

∴A+B=10\therefore A + B = \sqrt{10} [xx ধনাত্মক]

27x3+18x3=A3+B327x^{3} + \dfrac{1}{8x^{3}} = A^{3} + B^{3}

=(A+B)3−3AB(A+B)= (A + B)^{3} - 3AB(A + B)

=1010−3×32×10= 10\sqrt{10} - 3 \times \dfrac{3}{2} \times \sqrt{10}

=1010−9210= 10\sqrt{10} - \dfrac{9}{2}\sqrt{10}

=11102= \dfrac{11\sqrt{10}}{2}

গ) x³ + 1/x³ = 18√3 হলে, প্রমাণ কর যে, x = √3 + √2।

প্রমাণ: ধরি, t=x+1xt = x + \dfrac{1}{x}। তাহলে x3+1x3=t3−3tx^{3} + \dfrac{1}{x^{3}} = t^{3} - 3t

t3−3t=183t^{3} - 3t = 18\sqrt{3}

⇒t3−3t−183=0\Rightarrow t^{3} - 3t - 18\sqrt{3} = 0

⇒(t−23)(t2+23 t+9)=0\Rightarrow (t - 2\sqrt{3})(t^{2} + 2\sqrt{3}\,t + 9) = 0

t2+23 t+9=0t^{2} + 2\sqrt{3}\,t + 9 = 0 সমীকরণের নিশ্চায়ক =12−36<0= 12 - 36 < 0, তাই এর কোনো বাস্তব মূল নেই। সুতরাং t=23t = 2\sqrt{3}

x+1x=23x + \dfrac{1}{x} = 2\sqrt{3}

⇒x2−23 x+1=0\Rightarrow x^{2} - 2\sqrt{3}\,x + 1 = 0

⇒x=23±12−42=3±2\Rightarrow x = \dfrac{2\sqrt{3} \pm \sqrt{12 - 4}}{2} = \sqrt{3} \pm \sqrt{2}

∴x=3+2\therefore x = \sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2} (অপর মান 3−2\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2} হলো এর অন্যোন্যক) (প্রমাণিত)

প্রশ্ন ৪

p+q=5,(p−q)2=3p + q = \sqrt{5},\quad (p - q)^{2} = 3

ক) p² − q² = কত?

সমাধান: (p−q)2=3⇒p−q=3(p - q)^{2} = 3 \Rightarrow p - q = \sqrt{3} [p>qp > q ধরে]

p2−q2=(p+q)(p−q)=5×3=15p^{2} - q^{2} = (p + q)(p - q) = \sqrt{5} \times \sqrt{3} = \sqrt{15}

(p<qp < q হলে মান −15-\sqrt{15} হবে।)

খ) প্রমাণ কর যে, 5pq(3p² + 3q²) = 30।

প্রমাণ: (p+q)2+(p−q)2=2(p2+q2)(p + q)^{2} + (p - q)^{2} = 2(p^{2} + q^{2})

⇒5+3=2(p2+q2)\Rightarrow 5 + 3 = 2(p^{2} + q^{2})

⇒p2+q2=4\Rightarrow p^{2} + q^{2} = 4

(p+q)2−(p−q)2=4pq(p + q)^{2} - (p - q)^{2} = 4pq

⇒5−3=4pq\Rightarrow 5 - 3 = 4pq

⇒pq=12\Rightarrow pq = \dfrac{1}{2}

5pq(3p2+3q2)=15pq(p2+q2)=15×12×4=305pq(3p^{2} + 3q^{2}) = 15pq(p^{2} + q^{2}) = 15 \times \dfrac{1}{2} \times 4 = 30 (প্রমাণিত)

গ) দেখাও যে, p = 3 + 1/p যখন, p⁴ = 119 − 1/p⁴।

সমাধান: p=3+1p⇒p−1p=3p = 3 + \dfrac{1}{p} \Rightarrow p - \dfrac{1}{p} = 3

p2+1p2=(p−1p)2+2=9+2=11p^{2} + \dfrac{1}{p^{2}} = \left(p - \dfrac{1}{p}\right)^{2} + 2 = 9 + 2 = 11

p4+1p4=(p2+1p2)2−2=121−2=119p^{4} + \dfrac{1}{p^{4}} = \left(p^{2} + \dfrac{1}{p^{2}}\right)^{2} - 2 = 121 - 2 = 119

∴p4=119−1p4\therefore p^{4} = 119 - \dfrac{1}{p^{4}} (দেখানো হলো)

প্রশ্ন ৫

a4+a2b2+b4=8,a2+ab+b2=4a^{4} + a^{2}b^{2} + b^{4} = 8,\quad a^{2} + ab + b^{2} = 4

ক) a² − ab + b² এর মান নির্ণয় কর।

সমাধান: a4+a2b2+b4=(a2+ab+b2)(a2−ab+b2)a^{4} + a^{2}b^{2} + b^{4} = (a^{2} + ab + b^{2})(a^{2} - ab + b^{2})

⇒8=4×(a2−ab+b2)\Rightarrow 8 = 4 \times (a^{2} - ab + b^{2})

∴a2−ab+b2=2\therefore a^{2} - ab + b^{2} = 2

খ) a² + b² এর মান কত হবে?

সমাধান: (a2+ab+b2)+(a2−ab+b2)=4+2(a^{2} + ab + b^{2}) + (a^{2} - ab + b^{2}) = 4 + 2

⇒2(a2+b2)=6\Rightarrow 2(a^{2} + b^{2}) = 6

∴a2+b2=3\therefore a^{2} + b^{2} = 3

গ) প্রমাণ কর যে, 8ab(a² + b²) = 24।

প্রমাণ: a2+ab+b2=4a^{2} + ab + b^{2} = 4

⇒ab=4−(a2+b2)=4−3=1\Rightarrow ab = 4 - (a^{2} + b^{2}) = 4 - 3 = 1

8ab(a2+b2)=8×1×3=248ab(a^{2} + b^{2}) = 8 \times 1 \times 3 = 24 (প্রমাণিত)

প্রশ্ন ৬

x=3+2x = \sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2} হলে,

ক) x² + 1/x² এর মান নির্ণয় কর।

সমাধান: 1x=13+2=3−2(3)2−(2)2=3−2\dfrac{1}{x} = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2}} = \dfrac{\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2}}{(\sqrt{3})^{2} - (\sqrt{2})^{2}} = \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2}

x+1x=(3+2)+(3−2)=23x + \dfrac{1}{x} = (\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2}) + (\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2}) = 2\sqrt{3}

x2+1x2=(x+1x)2−2=(23)2−2=12−2=10x^{2} + \dfrac{1}{x^{2}} = \left(x + \dfrac{1}{x}\right)^{2} - 2 = (2\sqrt{3})^{2} - 2 = 12 - 2 = 10

খ) প্রমাণ কর যে, x³ + 1/x³ = 18√3।

প্রমাণ: x3+1x3=(x+1x)3−3(x+1x)x^{3} + \dfrac{1}{x^{3}} = \left(x + \dfrac{1}{x}\right)^{3} - 3\left(x + \dfrac{1}{x}\right)

=(23)3−3×23= (2\sqrt{3})^{3} - 3 \times 2\sqrt{3}

=243−63=183= 24\sqrt{3} - 6\sqrt{3} = 18\sqrt{3} (প্রমাণিত)

গ) x⁵ + 1/x⁵ এর মান নির্ণয় কর।

সমাধান: (x2+1x2)(x3+1x3)=x5+1x5+x+1x\left(x^{2} + \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}\right)\left(x^{3} + \dfrac{1}{x^{3}}\right) = x^{5} + \dfrac{1}{x^{5}} + x + \dfrac{1}{x}

⇒10×183=x5+1x5+23\Rightarrow 10 \times 18\sqrt{3} = x^{5} + \dfrac{1}{x^{5}} + 2\sqrt{3}

∴x5+1x5=1803−23=1783\therefore x^{5} + \dfrac{1}{x^{5}} = 180\sqrt{3} - 2\sqrt{3} = 178\sqrt{3}

প্রশ্ন ৭

2x−2x=32x - \dfrac{2}{x} = 3, যেখানে xx ধনাত্মক।

ক) x² + 1/x² = কত?

সমাধান: 2x−2x=3⇒x−1x=322x - \dfrac{2}{x} = 3 \Rightarrow x - \dfrac{1}{x} = \dfrac{3}{2}

x2+1x2=(x−1x)2+2=94+2=174x^{2} + \dfrac{1}{x^{2}} = \left(x - \dfrac{1}{x}\right)^{2} + 2 = \dfrac{9}{4} + 2 = \dfrac{17}{4}

খ) প্রমাণ কর যে, 8x³ + 8/x³ = 65।

প্রমাণ: (x+1x)2=(x−1x)2+4=94+4=254\left(x + \dfrac{1}{x}\right)^{2} = \left(x - \dfrac{1}{x}\right)^{2} + 4 = \dfrac{9}{4} + 4 = \dfrac{25}{4}

⇒x+1x=52\Rightarrow x + \dfrac{1}{x} = \dfrac{5}{2} [xx ধনাত্মক]

x3+1x3=(x+1x)3−3(x+1x)=1258−152=658x^{3} + \dfrac{1}{x^{3}} = \left(x + \dfrac{1}{x}\right)^{3} - 3\left(x + \dfrac{1}{x}\right) = \dfrac{125}{8} - \dfrac{15}{2} = \dfrac{65}{8}

∴8x3+8x3=8×658=65\therefore 8x^{3} + \dfrac{8}{x^{3}} = 8 \times \dfrac{65}{8} = 65 (প্রমাণিত)

গ) মান নির্ণয় কর: (x² − 1/x²)(8x³ − 8/x³)।

সমাধান: x2−1x2=(x−1x)(x+1x)=32×52=154x^{2} - \dfrac{1}{x^{2}} = \left(x - \dfrac{1}{x}\right)\left(x + \dfrac{1}{x}\right) = \dfrac{3}{2} \times \dfrac{5}{2} = \dfrac{15}{4}

x3−1x3=(x−1x)3+3(x−1x)=278+92=638x^{3} - \dfrac{1}{x^{3}} = \left(x - \dfrac{1}{x}\right)^{3} + 3\left(x - \dfrac{1}{x}\right) = \dfrac{27}{8} + \dfrac{9}{2} = \dfrac{63}{8}

সুতরাং 8x3−8x3=638x^{3} - \dfrac{8}{x^{3}} = 63

∴(x2−1x2)(8x3−8x3)=154×63=9454=23614\therefore \left(x^{2} - \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}\right)\left(8x^{3} - \dfrac{8}{x^{3}}\right) = \dfrac{15}{4} \times 63 = \dfrac{945}{4} = 236\dfrac{1}{4}

প্রশ্ন ৮

x=3+2,a+b=m,a2+b2=n,a3+b3=p3x = \sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2},\quad a + b = m,\quad a^{2} + b^{2} = n,\quad a^{3} + b^{3} = p^{3}

ক) 1/x এর মান কত?

1x=13+2=3−2(3)2−(2)2=3−23−2=3−2\dfrac{1}{x} = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2}} = \dfrac{\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2}}{(\sqrt{3})^{2} - (\sqrt{2})^{2}} = \dfrac{\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2}}{3 - 2} = \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2}

খ) প্রমাণ কর যে, m³ + 2p³ = 3mn।

প্রমাণ: m2=(a+b)2=a2+b2+2ab=n+2abm^{2} = (a + b)^{2} = a^{2} + b^{2} + 2ab = n + 2ab

⇒ab=m2−n2\Rightarrow ab = \dfrac{m^{2} - n}{2}

p3=a3+b3=(a+b)3−3ab(a+b)p^{3} = a^{3} + b^{3} = (a + b)^{3} - 3ab(a + b)

=m3−3m(m2−n)2= m^{3} - \dfrac{3m(m^{2} - n)}{2}

⇒2p3=2m3−3m3+3mn=−m3+3mn\Rightarrow 2p^{3} = 2m^{3} - 3m^{3} + 3mn = -m^{3} + 3mn

∴m3+2p3=3mn\therefore m^{3} + 2p^{3} = 3mn (প্রমাণিত)

গ) দেখাও যে, x⁶ − 18√3 x³ + 1 = 0।

প্রমাণ: x+1x=23x + \dfrac{1}{x} = 2\sqrt{3}

⇒x3+1x3=(23)3−3×23=183\Rightarrow x^{3} + \dfrac{1}{x^{3}} = (2\sqrt{3})^{3} - 3 \times 2\sqrt{3} = 18\sqrt{3}

উভয়পক্ষকে x3x^{3} দ্বারা গুণ করে পাই,

x6+1=183 x3x^{6} + 1 = 18\sqrt{3}\,x^{3}

∴x6−183 x3+1=0\therefore x^{6} - 18\sqrt{3}\,x^{3} + 1 = 0 (দেখানো হলো)

প্রশ্ন ৯

x=6+5x = \sqrt{6} + \sqrt{5} হলে,

ক) 1/x এর মান কত?

1x=16+5=6−5(6)2−(5)2=6−56−5=6−5\dfrac{1}{x} = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6} + \sqrt{5}} = \dfrac{\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{5}}{(\sqrt{6})^{2} - (\sqrt{5})^{2}} = \dfrac{\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{5}}{6 - 5} = \sqrt{6} - \sqrt{5}

খ) x³ − 1/x³ এর মান কত?

সমাধান: x−1x=(6+5)−(6−5)=25x - \dfrac{1}{x} = (\sqrt{6} + \sqrt{5}) - (\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{5}) = 2\sqrt{5}

x3−1x3=(x−1x)3+3(x−1x)x^{3} - \dfrac{1}{x^{3}} = \left(x - \dfrac{1}{x}\right)^{3} + 3\left(x - \dfrac{1}{x}\right)

=(25)3+3×25= (2\sqrt{5})^{3} + 3 \times 2\sqrt{5}

=405+65=465= 40\sqrt{5} + 6\sqrt{5} = 46\sqrt{5}

গ) দেখাও যে, x⁶ − 1/x⁶ = 1932√30।

সমাধান: x+1x=(6+5)+(6−5)=26x + \dfrac{1}{x} = (\sqrt{6} + \sqrt{5}) + (\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{5}) = 2\sqrt{6}

x3+1x3=(26)3−3×26=486−66=426x^{3} + \dfrac{1}{x^{3}} = (2\sqrt{6})^{3} - 3 \times 2\sqrt{6} = 48\sqrt{6} - 6\sqrt{6} = 42\sqrt{6}

x6−1x6=(x3+1x3)(x3−1x3)x^{6} - \dfrac{1}{x^{6}} = \left(x^{3} + \dfrac{1}{x^{3}}\right)\left(x^{3} - \dfrac{1}{x^{3}}\right)

=426×465= 42\sqrt{6} \times 46\sqrt{5}

=193230= 1932\sqrt{30} (দেখানো হলো)

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